گابریل بونور شانل (Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel) ملقب به «کوکو شانل» طراح مد و تاجر فرانسوی بنیان گذار برند پرآوازه ی شانل بود. برندی که هنوز هم یکی از قدرتمندترین نام های تجاری این عرصه به شمار می رود.
کوکو شانل در ۱۹ آگوست ۱۸۸۳ در منطقه ی سامیور (Saumur) فرانسه به دنیا آمد و برای طراحی های منحصر به فردش آوازه ی جهانی پیدا کرد. شانل کودکی خود را در پرورشگاه شروع کرد و همانجا نیز دوخت و دوز را فراگرفت. قبل از افتتاح اولین فروشگاه لباس خود در سال ۱۹۱۰، پیشینه ی کوتاهی از خوانندگی را در کارنامه ی خود به ثبت رسانید. در دهه ی ۱۹۲۰ اولین عطر (غلظت بالا) و لباس برند شال را عرضه کرد. لباس های ساخت شانل بر این اصل استوار بود که بهترین تطبیق را با خانم ها داشته باشد. وی در ۱۰ ژانویه ۱۹۷۱ درگذشت.
برخلاف شهرت ستاره گونه ی شانل، دوران نوجوانی وی به خوبی پیش نرفت. پس از مرگ مادر، پدر دستفروشش گابریل را به یتیم خانه سپرد و همانجا بود که توسط راهبه ها هنر بافتن و خیاطی را فراگرفت. لقب جذاب وی اما از جای دیگری نشئت می گیرد. در فراز و نشیب زندگی شانل، خوانندگی نیز رنگ روشنی دارد. او قبل از ورود به عرصه ی طراحی لباس به عنوان خواننده در کلاب شهرهای های ویشی و مولن فرانسه مشغول فعالیت بود. جایی که لقب کوکو (Coco) را به وی اعطا کرده بودند و هنوز هم به همین لقب خطاب می شود. برخی می گویند این لقب برگرفته از یکی از آهنگ های شانل بوده است. اما خود شانل ادعا کرده است که این لقب کوتاه شده ی «cocotte» به معنای «زن تمام عیار» در فرانسوی است.
زندگی حرفه ای (اولین موفقیت او با لباسی شروع شد که در یک روز سرد بافته شد. وقتی تعداد زیادی از مردم از وی در خصوص لباس زیبایی که بر تن داشت سؤال کردند، شانل به این نتیجه رسید که برای آنها نیز این لباس را بدوزد. شانل در این خصوص به پل موران، نویسنده ی وقت فرانسوی می گوید:
هوای دوویل (Deauville) واقعاً سرد بود و بخش زیادی از موفقیت من به بافت آن لباس برمی گردد. همان لباسی که برای مقابله با هوای سوزناک آنجا به تن کرده بودم.
شانل چهره ای محبوب در دنیای هنر و ادب به شمار می رفت. در آن زمان لباس های او برای شرکت رقص باله «باله روس» و فیلمهای به نامی همچون اُرفیوس (Orpheus) به کارگردانی ژان کوکتو مورد استفاده قرار می گرفتند. در میان دوستان نزدیک وی اسامی بزرگی همچون پابلو پیکاسو (هنرمند اسپانیایی) به چشم می خورد. شانل در یک برهه ی زمانی نیز رابطه ی عاطفی با ایگور استراوینسکی (آهنگساز روسی) داشت.
من هیچ گاه نمی خواهم باری بیش از یک پرنده ی کوچک بر دوش هیچ مردی داشته باشم.
از سال ۱۹۸۳ تا به امروز کارل لاگرفلد طراح افسانه ای، میراث او را ادامه داده و حیات دوباره ای در شریان های شانل دمید. امروزه نیز برند شانل به صورت خصوصی توسط خانواده ی ورکهایمر اداره می شود و با فروش صدها میلیون لباس در سال همچنان به تاخت و تاز خود در عرصه مد و لباس ادامه می دهد.
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