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مطالبی خواندنی درباره گوزن شمالی

 گوزن شمالی

گوزن های شمالی را در سراسر نیمکره شمالی و بیشتر در آب و هوای سرد می توان یافت (مناطقی مثل روسیه، آلاسکا، کانادا، گرینلند و اسکاندیناوی). گوزن شمالی بزرگترین جانور خانواده گوزن ها است. گوزن های شمالی در طول زمستان در جنگل ها و در تابستان ها در مناطق نزدیک رودها و چشمه ها زندگی می کنند. گوزن های شمالی در معرض خطر انقراض نیستند.

واقعیت هایی درباره گوزن شمالی

⇐ قد نرها و ماده ها یکی است و بالغ بر 1.2-1.8  متر (حدود 4-6 فوت تا شانه ها) است اما آنها وزن متفاوتی دارند. نرها سنگین ترند و وزنشان می تواند به 950 پوند (430 کیلوگرم) برسد، در حالیکه وزن ماده ها به 750 پوند (340 کیلوگرم) می رسد.

⇐ گوزن های شمالی گیاه خوارند و دوست دارند گیاهان گلدار، درختچه ها، برگ ها و شاخه های کوچک درختان را بخورند. در طول تابستان گیاهان آبزی مثل علف مرداب و نیلوفر آبی را می خورند.

⇐ این جانوران به خاطر اندازه بزرگ شان به خوردن مقدار زیادی غذا نیاز دارند. معده شان ممکن است در یک زمان 112 پوند (51 کیلوگرم) غذا را نگه دارد.

⇐ گوزن های شمالی در مجموع 32 دندان دارند. دندانهای جلویی شان از بین رفته است.

⇐ گوزن شمالی قدرت بینایی ضعیفی دارد اما حس بویایی و شنوایی اش عالی است.

⇐ گوزن های شمالی شناگرانی عالی هستند. آنها می توانند سه ساعت بدون توقف با سرعت 10 کیلومتر در ساعت شنا کنند.

⇐ گوزن های شمالی همچنین دونده های سریعی هستند؛ این گوزن می تواند با سرعت 56 کیلومتر در ساعت بدود.

⇐ گوزن ها به خاطر شاخ هایشان معروفند. گوزن های نر از اوایل بهار تا اواخر پاییز شاخ دارند. شاخ ها قبل از زمستان می افتد اما در سال بعد گوزن نر شاخ های حتی بزرگتری پیدا می کند. شاخ ها از همه اندام های دیگر این جانور سریع تر رشد می کنند.

⇐ شاخ ها بزرگ و سنگین اند. وزن شان به 50-60 پوند (23-27 کیلوگرم) و عرض شان به بیش از 6 فوت (1.8 فوت) می رسد.

⇐ عرض بزرگترین جفت شاخی که تاکنون اندازه گیری شده 2 متر است.

⇐ هدف اصلی از وجود شاخ ها جذب ماده ها و شکست دادن دیگر نرها در هنگام مبارزه برای تأثیرگذاری بر ماده ها است.

⇐ نرها جانورانی گوشه گیرند و فقط در طول فصل جفت گیری جمع می شوند.

⇐ بارداری در ماده ها 8 ماه طول می کشد و با تولد یک یا دو بچه به پایان می رسد. فرزندان تا سال آینده و هنگامی که نوزادان جدید متولد می شوند، با مادرشان می مانند.

⇐ مادران بسیار حمایت گرند و از سم های بزرگشان استفاده می کنند تا ضربه های قوی بزنند و بتوانند شکارچیان را شکست دهند.

⇐ شکارچیان اصلی گوزن شمالی، گرگ، گریزلی (خرس خاکستری آمریکایی) و خرس سیاه هستند. این جانوران هر وقت که بتوانند به گوزن های جوان حمله می کنند.

⇐ گوزن شمالی 25-15 سال در حیات وحش و 25-20 سال در اسارت زندگی می کند.

 

مهدی پارسا

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