مصلح‌آرانی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه یزد و پژوهشگر حوزه گونه‌های گیاه گفت: ۱۴ گونه گیاهی بومی یزد در معرض خطر است و لذا کارشناسان بابت نایاب شدن این گونه‌ها که دارای خاصیت‌های دارویی و اقتصادی هستند، ابراز نگرانی می‌کنند.
اصغر مصلح آرانی با بیان اینکه بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده، چهار گونه از این تعداد در معرض خطر انقراض قرار دارند که از این بین، چهار گونه گیاهی در وضعیت آسیب‌پذیر، دو گونه در وضعیت کم‌خطر و هشت گونه در وضعیت کمبود اطلاعات قرار دارند، ابراز داشت: گونه‌های انحصاری بر حسب وضعیت حفاظتی آنها به چهار گروه در معرض انقراض، آسیب‌پذیری بالا در برابر انقراض، آسیب‌پذیر در برابر انقراض و کم‌خطر در برابر انقراض تقسیم می‌شوند.
وی با بیان اینکه نتایج به دست آمده از تحقیقات نشان داده است که از بین گونه‌های شناسایی شده در استان یزد، ۱۲۰ گونه گیاهی آن انحصاری ایران است که این گونه‌ها متعلق به ۷۵ جنس و ۲۲ تیره گیاهی هستند، می گوید: از این میان، بیشترین تعداد گونه‌ها به ترتیب به تیره‌های پروانه‌آساها با شش جنس و۲۰ گونه، کاسنی با ۱۰ جنس و ۱۹ گونه، کلمیان با ۱۰ جنس و ۱۳ گونه و گون‌ها با ۱۳گونه بیشترین تعداد گونه‌های بومی را به خود اختصاص می‌دهند.
شناسایی گیاهان بومی
این عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه یزد با بیان اینکه ۱۴ گونه گیاهی از گونه‌های انحصاری ایران فقط در استان یزد دیده می‌شود که جنس شکرتیغال با سه گونه گیاهی بیشترین تعداد را به خود اختصاص داده است، تاکید کرد: گونه‌های منحصر به فرد استان یزد شکر تیغال شندوست، شکرتیغال یزدی، شکرتیغال اردستانی، گل بیمرگ شیرکوهی، خاکشیر تلخ بیابانی، گل آروانه یزدی، پونهسای کرک ستارهای، پونهسای یزدی، پونهسای دندانه شفاف، کلاهمیرحسن ریشدار، کلاه میرحسن شیرکوه، ترشک دندانهدار و بذرالبنج یزدی و … هستند.
مصلح آرانی در مورد محل پراکنش این گونه‌ها، می‌گوید: برخی از این گونه‌ها مانند شکرتیغال شندوست در بیابان‌های شنی اطراف یزد به اردکان و یزد و برخی از این گونه‌ها در اطراف ده‌بالا، حوالی تفت، مهریز، نواحی کوهستانی شیرکوه و دره دامگاهان مهریز، اطراف طزرجان، نقاط دشت کالمند، کوشک، بین قطرم و بافق، صدرآباد و مزرعه گلیوک، دره لاخسه، دره شیخ علیشاه و مزرعه آمحسن، ندوشن، خضرآباد، گردنه منشاد، عقدا مشاهده می‌شوند.
وی با بیان اینکه دربارۀ اکثر این گیاهان اطلاعات کمی در دست است، تصریح می‌کند: برخی از این گیاهان مانند گل بیمرگ شیرکوهی، آروانه یزدی، پونهسای کرک ستارهای و پونهسای یزدی مستعد انقراض تشخیص داده شده است همچنین در کتاب «فهرست سرخ» به این امر اشاره می شود که نام گونه‌های جانوری و گیاهی در حال انقراض در هر کشور ثبت شده اما برخی گونه‌های در حال انقراض یزد در این کتاب و در لیست گونه‌های در حال انقراض قرار نگرفته است. این گونه‌های گیاهی با تهدید بیشتری روبه‌رو هستند و چون از آنها به عنوان در معرض خطر نام برده نشده است، برای حفاظت از آنها اقدامی عملی صورت نمی‌گیرد.
گونه های بومی گیاهی یزد نیازمند توجه
این عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه یزد، آروانه یزدی، خاکشیر تلخ بیابانی، اسکنبیل یزدی و اسکنبیل طبسی را نام چهار گونه‌ای می‌داند که در معرض نابودی قرار دارند، اما در کتاب سرخ قرار نگرفته‌اند و می گوید: اگر همین طور پیش برویم و دست روی دست بگذاریم در آینده‌ای نه چندان دور دیگر شاهد رویش این گونه‌های بومی که بسیاری از آنها دارویی هستند، نخواهیم بود.
مصلح آرانی می افزاید: چند سال پیش در جست‌وجوی گونه‌هایی از اسکنبیل بودم. پیش از آن، نمونه خشک شده این گیاه و مشخصاتش را در هرباریوم، جایی که گیاهان را به صورت خشک‌شده به همراه اطلاعات‌شان نگهداری می‌کنند، دیده بودم. اما وقتی بر اساس مشخصات آن به محل جمع‌آوری این گیاه رفتم، علی‌رغم پیگیری‌های بسیار زیاد و همراهی‌های کارشناسان و عوامل اداره منابع طبیعی آن شهرستان نتوانستم با جست‌وجوی میدانی این گیاه را پیدا کنم.
وی با بیان اینکه با اینکه هنوز موفق به یافتن این گیاه بومی و نمونه مشابه آن نشده‌ایم، پس از گذشت سال‌ها هنوز این گونۀ دارویی بومی استان در فهرست سرخ قرار نگرفته است، افزود: این موضوع زنگ خطری برای گونه‌های بومی یزد است؛ شاید زمانی فرار برسد که کاووش‌ها برای یافتن گونه‌های گیاهی بومی استان هیچگاه به سرانجام نرسد. حدود ۶۶ درصد گونه‌های انحصاری ایران در استان نیز پراکنش دارند همچنین این گیاهان در وضعیت آسیب‌پذیری بالایی قرار دارند. دستکاری انسان در زمین که دلیل آن گسترش شهرها، معدن‌کاوی، مدیریت غلط، هجوم گونه‌های مهاجم و مواردی از این دست است، بقای جوامع گیاهی و منابع ژنیتیکی گیاهان را دچار تهدید کرده است.
حفظ منابع طبیعی یزد، تنها در دستان مردم بومی
دانشیار گروه منابع طبیعی دانشگاه یزد بیان کرد: گیاهان در کنترل آب‌های زیرزمینی و سطحی که نقش مهمی در ادامه حیات ما دارند، تأثیرگذارند. همچنین در تولید و حفظ خاک، مبارزه با فرسایش، تلطیف هوا، تولید و حفظ خاک، مبارزه با فرسایش، تلطیف هوا و تولید محصولات دارویی و صنعتی نقش به‌سزایی دارند.
مصلح آرانی با باین اینکه گیاهان بومی و در معرض خطر یزد تعدادشان زیاد نیست؛ با این حال، هنوز در استان ما اقدام عملی در زمینه حفظ آنها انجام نشده است، بیان کرد: این موضوع بیش از پیش مدنظر مسئولان منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست استان قرار بگیرد و مسئولان یزدی بدانند که این گونه‌های بومی یزد را قرار نیست دیگر استان‌های کشور برای ما حفظ کنند بلکه خود باید در اندیشه‌ای کارآمد برای حفظ آن باشیم.
وی افزود: برای حفظ و احیای این گونه‌های گیاهی نیاز به سرمایه کلانی نیست و کافی است بخش دولتی و یا خصوصی در مورد اهمیت و ارزش این گونه‌های نادر گیاهی دغدغه‌مند شده و سرمایه‌گذاری کنند.
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